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Human-modified Temperatures Induce Species Changes: Joint Attribution
| Title | Human-modified Temperatures Induce Species Changes: Joint Attribution |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2005 |
| Authors | Root, T. L., D. P. MacMynowski, M. D. Mastrandrea, and S. H. Schneider |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Volume | 102 |
| Issue | 21 |
| Pagination | 7465-7469 |
| Date Published | MAY 24 2005 |
| ISBN Number | 0027-8424 |
| Keywords | 20TH-CENTURY, BIRDS, Climate change, climate-change, DATES, double attribution, FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA, global warming, INDICATORS, PHENOPHASES, plant animal impacts, regional climate change, responses, SPRING PHENOLOGY, trends |
| Abstract | Average global surface-air temperature is increasing. Contention exists over relative contributions by natural and anthropogenic forcings. Ecological studies attribute plant and animal changes to observed warming. Until now, temperature-species connections have not been statistically attributed directly to anthropogenic climatic change. Using modeled climatic variables and observed species data, which are independent of thermometer records and paleoclimatic proxies, we demonstrate statistically significant "joint attribution," a two-step linkage: human activities contribute significantly to temperature changes and human-changed temperatures are associated with discernible changes in plant and animal traits. Additionally, our analyses provide independent testing of grid-box-scale temperature projections from a general circulation model (HadCM3). |
| DOI | DOI 10.1073/pnas.0502286102 |
| Reference number | 69 |
| Short Title | Human-modified Temperatures Induce Species Changes: Joint Attribution |
| Citation Key | 69 |